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How to cook beef
How heat, salt, smoke and time change beef — the crust, the rest, the exact doneness — and the classic dishes of every country, with temperatures and sources.
How to cook steak
19Steak temperatures
Medium-rare
Pink-red, warm through, juicy
Pull from heat49–52 °C
Final, after rest52–56 °C
1Before the heat
Salting steakAt least 40 minutes ahead or right before, about 1 % of the weight: the dry brine,…
Dry agingWeeks in cold moving air: enzymes tenderise, water evaporates, flavour turns nutty,…CuringSalt slows bacteria, nitrite keeps beef pink and blocks botulism: dry and wet…2The heat
Grilling over fireHeight above the embers is the main control: fuels compared, hot and cool zones,…
SearingA brown crust at 200–260 °C / 390–500 °F: cast iron, plancha and grill compared,…Cast-iron steakA heavy skillet, a turn every 30–60 seconds, butter at the end: 6–12 minutes for a…
Reverse searLow oven first, sear last: one even pink edge to edge, a crust in under a minute,…Sous vide steakThe bath sets the doneness, 54–56 °C / 129–133 °F for medium-rare: times by…SmokingHot and cold smoke, oak to mesquite, the smoke ring, the stall and the wrap: how…BraisingBrown, cover with a little liquid, simmer for hours: collagen turns to gelatin,…How long to grill steakMinutes by thickness and doneness over direct heat, gas or charcoal, when to move…Steak in the ovenSear then roast, or roast low then sear: oven times by thickness, pull…How to reheat steakLow oven, then a hot pan: how to warm a leftover steak through without turning it…How to tell if steak is badSmell, slime and mould are the real signs; brown is often just oxygen. Fridge…
Why is my steak tough?Overcooked, cut along the grain or the wrong cut for the method: eight causes of a…3Is it done?
Steak temperaturesRare at 50 °C / 122 °F to well done at 70 °C / 158 °F: pull and final temperatures,…DonenessRare to well done in the meat itself: proteins firming, juice leaving, red turning…Resting steakThe core climbs 1–8 °C / 2–14 °F and less juice reaches the board: how long to…Maillard reactionAmino acids and sugars brown fast above 140 °C / 284 °F: what reacts, why a dry…Beef recipes
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FranceBéarnaise sauceSauce · 30 min ArgentinaBeef empanadasStreet food · 3 h United States · PeruBeef jerkyStreet food · 14 h Indonesia · MalaysiaBeef rendangStew · 6 h United Kingdom · United StatesBeef stewStew · 4 h RussiaBeef StroganoffMain course · 40 min 
United States · FranceBeef tenderloin roastMain course · 110 min United KingdomBeef WellingtonMain course · 3 h South AfricaBiltongStreet food · 120 h MexicoBirriaStew · 5 h 
ItalyBistecca alla fiorentinaMain course · 3 h VietnamBò khoStew · 4 h VietnamBò lá lốtStreet food · 80 min Vietnam · CambodiaBò lúc lắc (shaking beef)Main course · 60 min FranceBoeuf bourguignonStew · 4 h South KoreaBulgogiMain course · 90 min Mexico · United StatesCarne asadaMain course · 5 h BrazilCarne de solMain course · 25 h ItalyCarpaccioStarter · 80 min FranceChateaubriandMain course · 75 min United StatesChili con carneStew · 4 h Argentina · UruguayChimichurriSauce · 2 h SpainChuletónMain course · 3 h BrazilChurrascoMain course · 3 h 
Ireland · United StatesCorned beefMain course · 148 h South KoreaGalbiMain course · 5 h Hungary · AustriaGoulashSoup · 3 h JapanGyudonMain course · 25 min JapanGyukatsuMain course · 50 min United StatesHamburgerSandwich · 30 min PeruLomo saltadoMain course · 50 min 
Argentina · UruguayMatambre arrolladoStarter · 14 h Sweden · ItalyMeatballsMain course · 60 min Argentina · UruguayMilanesaMain course · 70 min ItalyOssobucoMain course · 3 h Spain · JamaicaOxtail stew (rabo de toro)Stew · 5 h United States · RomaniaPastramiMain course · 178 h United StatesPhilly cheesesteakSandwich · 70 min VietnamPhở bòSoup · 8 h United StatesPot roastMain course · 4 h United StatesPrime ribMain course · 6 h ItalyRagù alla bologneseSauce · 3 h United KingdomRoast beefMain course · 4 h Cuba · SpainRopa viejaStew · 3 h Argentina · UruguaySalsa criollaSauce · 50 min FranceSteak au poivreMain course · 55 min France · BelgiumSteak fritesMain course · 75 min FranceSteak tartareStarter · 25 min JapanSukiyakiMain course · 45 min United StatesTexas brisketMain course · 16 h JapanYakinikuMain course · 70 min No recipe matches.